电气的一次和二次「电气一次」

今天带来电气的一次和二次「电气一次」，关于电气的一次和二次「电气一次」很多人还不知道，现在让我们一起来看看吧！

一、什么是电气一次，二次？

First, what is electrical primary and secondary?

体现在电气一次设备与二次设备的区别上：

It is reflected in the difference between electrical primary equipment and secondary equipment:

一次设备是指直接用于生产、输送和分配电能的生产过程的高压电气设备。它包括发电机、变压器、断路器、隔离开关、自动开关、接触器、刀开关、母线、输电线路、电力电缆、电抗器、电动机等。

Primary equipment refers to high-voltage electrical equipment that is directly used in the production process of producing, transporting and distributing electrical energy. It includes generators, transformers, circuit breakers, disconnectors, automatic switches, contactors, knife switches, busbars, transmission lines, power cables, reactors, motors, etc.

由一次设备相互连接，构成发电、输电、配电或进行其他生产过程的电气设备称为一次设备。

Electrical equipment that consists of primary devices connected to each other to make up power generation, transmission, distribution or other production processes is called primary equipment.

二次设备是指对一次设备的工作进行监测、控制、调节、保护以及为运行、维护人员提供运行工况或生产指挥信号所需的低压电气设备。如熔断器、控制开关、继电器、控制电缆等。

Secondary equipment refers to the low-voltage electrical equipment required for monitoring, controlling, regulating, protecting the work of primary equipment and providing operating conditions or production command signals for operation and maintenance personnel. Such as fuses, control switches, relays, control cables, etc.

由二次设备相互连接，构成对一次设备进行监测、控制、调节和保护的电气设备称为二次设备。

Electrical equipment that is connected to each other by secondary equipment and constitutes a primary equipment for monitoring, controlling, regulating and protecting is called secondary equipment.

二、电气一次的分类

Second, the classification of electrical primary

电气一次设备根据其在生产中的作用可以分为六大类：

Electrical primary equipment can be pided into six categories according to its role in production:

（1）生产和转换电能的设备。如发电机将机械能转换为电能、电动机将电能转换成机械能、变压器将电压升高或降低等，以满足输配电需要。

(1) Equipment for producing and converting electrical energy. For example, the generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, the motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy, and the transformer raises or lowers the voltage to meet the needs of power transmission and distribution.

（2）接通或断开电路的开关电器。如断路器、隔离开关、熔断器、接触器等。它们用于电力系统正常或事故状态时，将电路闭合或断开。

(2) Switch electrical appliances that turn on or off the circuit. Such as circuit breakers, disconnectors, fuses, contactors and so on. They are used to close or disconnect circuits when the power system is in a normal or accident state.

（3）限制故障电流和防御过电压的电器。如限制短路电流的电抗器和防御过电压的避雷器等。

(3) Electrical appliances that limit fault current and defend against overvoltage. Such as an reactor that limits the short-circuit current and a lightning arrester that protects against overvoltage.

（4）接地装置。它是埋入地中直接与大地接触的金属导体及与电气设备相连的金属线。无论是电力系统中性点的工作接地或保护人身安全的保护接地，均同埋入地中的接地装置相连。

(4) Grounding device. It is a metal conductor buried in the ground that is in direct contact with the earth and a metal wire connected to electrical equipment. Whether it is the working grounding of the neutral point in the power system or the protective grounding to protect personal safety, it is connected to the grounding device buried in the ground.

（5）载流导体。如裸导体、电缆等。按设计要求，将有关电气设备连接起来。

(5) Current-carrying conductor. Such as bare conductors, cables, etc. As required by the design, the electrical equipment in question is connected.

（6）交流电气一、二次之间的转换设备。如电压和电流互感器，通过它们将一次侧的电压、电流转变为二次系统。

(6) AC electrical conversion equipment between the first and second times. Such as voltage and current transformers, through which the voltage and current on the primary side are converted into a secondary system.

三、电气二次回路小分类

Third, the electrical secondary circuit small classification

1、控制（操作）回路：由控制开关与控制对象（如断路器、隔离开关）的传递机构、执行（或操作）机构组成。其作用是对一次设备进行“合”、“分”操作。

1. Control (operation) loop: it is composed of a transmission mechanism and an execution (or operation) mechanism between the control switch and the control object (such as a circuit breaker or isolating switch). Its role is to "merge" and "pide" the equipment.

2、调节回路：是指调节型自动装置。如由VQC系统对主变进行有载调压的装置，发电机的励磁调节装置。它是由测量机构、传送机构、调节器和执行机构组成。

2. Adjustment circuit: refers to the adjustment type automatic device. For example, the device for on-load voltage regulation of the main transformer by the VQC system, the excitation regulation device of the generator. It is composed of a measuring mechanism, a transmission mechanism, a regulator and an actuator.

其作用是根据一次设备运行参数的变化，实时在线调节一次设备的工作状态，以满足运行要求。

Its role is to adjust the working state of the equipment in real time according to the change of the operating parameters of the primary equipment to meet the operating requirements.

3、继电保护和自动装置回路：是由测量回路、比较部分、逻辑部分和执行部分等组成。

其作用是根据一次设备和系统的运行状态，判断其发生故障或异常时，自动发出跳闸命令有选择性地切除故障，并发出相应的信号，当故障或异常消失后，快速投入有关断路器（重合闸及备用电源自动投入装置），恢复系统的正常运行。（说明：以上主要是指常规的电磁型继电器等构成的保护与自动装置）

3. Relay protection and automatic device circuit: it is composed of measurement circuit, comparison part, logic part and execution part.

Its role is to judge the failure or abnormality according to the running state of the equipment and system, automatically issue a tripping command to selectively cut the fault, and send out the corresponding signal, when the fault or abnormality disappears, quickly put into the relevant circuit breaker (reclosing and standby power automatic input device), restore the normal operation of the system. (Note: The above mainly refers to the protection and automatic devices composed of conventional electromagnetic relays, etc.)

4、测量回路：由各种测量仪表及其相关回路组成。

其作用是指示或记录一次设备和系统的运行参数，以便运行人员掌握一次系统的运行情况，同时也是分析电能质量、计算经济指标、了解系统潮流和主设备运行工况的主要依据。（说明：综合自动化已使该回路与三次回路的分界点越来越模糊）

4. Measuring circuit: it is composed of various measuring instruments and related circuits.

Its role is to indicate or record the operating parameters of a primary equipment and system, so that the operator can grasp the operation of the system, and it is also the main basis for analyzing power quality, calculating economic indicators, understanding the system power flow and the operating conditions of the main equipment. (Note: Integrated automation has made the demarcation point between this loop and the tertiary loop increasingly blurred)

5、信号回路：由信号发送机构和信号继电器等构成。

其作用是反映一、二次设备的工作状态。

5. Signal loop: it is composed of signal transmission mechanism and signal relay.

Its role is to reflect the working state of the primary and secondary equipment.

6、操作电源系统：由电源设备和供电网络组成，它常包括直流电源系统和交流电源系统。

其作用主要是给控制、保护、信号等设备提供工作电源与操作电源，供结主变冷却、结水与结煤等动力设备，确保发电厂与变电所所有设备正常工作。

6, the operation of the power system: by the power supply equipment and power supply network, it often includes DC power system and AC power system.

Its role is mainly to provide working power and operating power supply for control, protection, signal and other equipment, and to provide power equipment such as main transformer cooling, water and coal, to ensure the normal operation of all equipment of power plants and substations.

四、电气一次和二次的区别

Fourth, the difference between electrical primary and secondary

电气一次是主接线,满足电能的传输;

Electrical once is the main wiring, to meet the transmission of electrical energy;

电气二次接线是对一次接线进行监测,控制和管理等操作用，以保证电气一次安全可靠运行。

Electrical secondary wiring is to monitor, control and manage the operation of primary wiring to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the electrical primary.

（1）一次：指电气设备，如变压器/油开关/隔离开关/开关柜/避雷器/电缆/架空线路等等。

(1) Once: refers to electrical equipment, such as transformers / oil switches / disconnectors / switch cabinets / lightning arresters / cables / overhead lines and so on.

（2）二次：指一次设备的控制或保护装置，如端子排/继电保护/控制回路等等。

(2) Secondary: refers to the control or protection device of the primary equipment, such as terminal block/relay protection/control loop and so on.

一次电路也叫主电路，它是从电源到负载输送电能时电流所经过的电路。一次电路中的各种电气设备叫一次设备，它们包括了各种开关、断路器、接触器、熔断器和用电设备。

二次电路也叫辅助电路，它是为实现特定的控制要求对主电路进行控制、保护、监视、测量的电路。二次回路中的各设备叫二次设备，它们包括各种控制开关（如按钮等），继电器、接触器的线圈和辅助触点、信号灯、测量仪表等。

在电力系统中，一次设备是指直接用于生产、输送、分配电能的电气设备，包括发电机、电力变压器、断路器、隔离开关、母线、电力电缆和输电线路等，是构成电力系统的主体。二次设备是用于对电力系统及一次设备的工况进行监测、控制、测量、调节和保护的低压电气设备，包括测量仪表、一次设备的控制、运行情况监视信号以及自动化监控系统、继电保护和安全自动装置、通信设备等。二次设备之间按一定的功能要求连接在一起所构成的电气回路统称为二次接线或称为二次回路，它是确保电力系统安全生产、经济运行和可靠供电不可缺少的重要组成部分。

In the power system, primary equipment refers to electrical equipment directly used for the production, transmission and distribution of electrical energy, including generators, power transformers, circuit breakers, isolators, busbars, power cables and transmission lines, etc., which are the main body of the power system. Secondary equipment is a low-voltage electrical equipment used to monitor, control, measure, regulate and protect the working conditions of the power system and primary equipment, including measuring instruments, control of primary equipment, operation monitoring signals and automatic monitoring systems, relay protection and safety automatic devices, communication equipment, etc. The electrical circuits formed by the secondary equipment connected together according to certain functional requirements are collectively referred to as the secondary wiring or the secondary circuit, which is an indispensable part of ensuring the safe production, economic operation and reliable power supply of the power system.