施耐德ups怎么样「施耐德和艾默生哪个好」

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数据中心的不间断电源：可持续性和可靠性之间的取舍Uninterruptible power in the datacentre: Choosing between sustainability and uptime

BY Fleur Doidge | Aug 23, 2021

译 者 说

随着数据中心面临越来越大的脱碳压力，运营方需要从UPS选型、发展UPS智能化技术、综合比选各类蓄电池、提升技术人员电池维保技术等多方面进行基础设施的整体评估和优化，尝试在可持续性和应用服务可用率之间协调发展，以满足数据中心可持续发展的目标。

新型不间断电源（UPS）通常采用锂离子（Li ）电池，锂电在汽车和计算机领域都已得到了广泛应用。锂电技术带来的更好的可持续性发展，可以减轻数据中心运营方来自环保方面的压力。目前，围绕锂电池的可持续发展前景尚不明朗，全球的锂矿开采和锂电池制造仍然有非常大的挑战。

New uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) are often based on Lithium-ion (Li ) battery technology that is becoming widespread in everything from cars to computers. This often comes with a claim of greater sustainability that could help relieve the pressure on operators for greener datacentres.Yet the sustaiNability picture around Libatteries is unclear, with global challenges around mining and manufacture still unresolved.

然而，伊顿EMEA（欧洲、中东和非洲）业务部门关键电力系统技术经理帕纳宁表示，运营方需要从整体上看待影响电力管理的所有问题，“更明智地思考”UPS的作用，而不是购买最环保或最高效的UPS。

However, Janne Paananen, critical power systems technology manager at Eaton EMEA (Europe, the Middle East and Africa), says operators need to take a holistic view of all issues affecting power management, “thinking smarter” about the role of UPS rather than buying the greenest or most efficient.

相反，他建议运营方需要开始更明智地利用现有资产，减少总体消耗，同时节约成本和环境资源。

Instead, Paananen suggests operators need to start making smarter use of existing assets, reducing overall consumption to save costs and environmental resources at the same time.

Paananen说：“你不需要孤立和局限地思考这个问题，应该整体地考量电气设备系统和所有相关联的设备，以及它们如何更好地发挥作用。”

“When you are not thinking in silos anymore, that means you don’t need to make separate purpose-built systems for everything,” says Paananen. “Think about the whole electrical equipment system at once – everything that is connected, how it can contribute.”

伊顿EMEA的数据中心和IT部门经理Forde也同意这个观点，并指出供应商通常会开发具有多种常见特点的可持续导向产品，并评估这些基础设施怎样真正去推动可持续发展，”他说。

Ciarán Forde, datacentre and IT segment manager at Eaton EMEA, agrees, noting that suppliers often develop sustainably orientated products with multiple commonplace elements. “Ask what that infrastructure can do to really move the needle on sustainability,” he says.

Forde补充道，核心问题是目前的大部分电力仍然是通过石油和燃煤发电厂产生的。一个依靠化石燃料发电的数据中心可以最大限度地提高效率，却无法推进其运营方或用户的可持续发展。

The core issue is that electricity is still primarily generated via oil and coal-fired plants, adds Forde. A datacentre reliant on fossil fuels for power can be maximally efficient while still not advancing the sustainability agenda of its operator or the users that depend on it.

当然，UPS在停电时，可确保应用程序和工作负载的恢复能力，减少出现问题时中断的次数。Forde建议，将UPS当作是一个关键点，就可实现更多的可持续性。

Of course, the UPS reduces the chance of disruption when problems arise by delivering breathing space to ramp up on-site backup generation, securing resilience of applications and workloads. However, more sustainability can be achieved, Forde suggests, by understanding UPS as a focal point.

UPS的智能化应用和发展

Smart ways to use UPS

UPS是能源网络中的重要组成部分，无论技术路线如何发展，UPS都需要更加智能化，才能更好地可持续发展。

UPS is part of the nerve centre of the energy network, which means that sustainable UPS, regardless of technology, must incorporate the right smarts.

例如，智能UPS可以实时监视并预测负荷用电需求，并将存储的能量输送回电网供他人使用，帮助抵消数据中心的能耗。

For instance, intelligent UPS that monitors requirements and predicts demand can help offset datacentre energy consumption by enabling stored energy to be delivered back to the grid for others to use.

数据中心可以成为电能产销方，提高其系统和运营的整体可持续性。或许数据中心可以安装太阳能电池板，通过太阳能这一可再生能源向电网反向输送电力。

The datacentre can become a prosumer, increasing overall sustainability of its systems and operations, especially if it begins delivering power to the grid via renewable sources, perhaps by installing solar panels.

Forde说：“通过向电网提供更多的可再生能源带来的可持续性贡献将比数据中心设施自身电能利用效率的改善高出一个数量级。”

“By enabling the grid operator to adopt more renewable energy, your contribution to sustainability is then an order of magnitude higher than tweaks here and there on efficiency inside the four walls of the datacentre,” says Forde.

Paananen指出，铅酸电池等旧技术并不一定不环保，新的冶金和湿法冶金技术正在探索中，回收工厂正在建设中，像全球电池联盟锂电池证书这类电池跟踪管理战略也在发展中。

Paananen points out that old technologies such as lead-acid batteries are not necessarily less environmentally friendly, with new metallurgical and hydrometallurgical techniques being explored, recycling plants being built and component tracing strategies, such as the Global Battery Alliance Libattery passport, in development.

Paananen说：“你可以回收电池中99%的铅，等等。到目前为止，锂电池的使用寿命为10-15年，因此在2030年之前，预计不会产生大量的锂电池回收量”。

“You can recycle 99% of the lead from the batteries and so on. With lithium batteries so far, they’ll last 10-15 years in operation, so you don’t expect any reasonable amount of recyclable materials from new lithium batteries until 2030,” says Paananen.

施耐德电气（Schneider Electric）英国和爱尔兰安全电源副总裁Marc Garner指出，锂在生命周期中的某些阶段对环境的不利影响可能高于某些“竞争性”替代品。然而，这些不利影响通常会被其生命周期其他阶段的好处所抵消。

Marc Garner, UK and Ireland vice-president of secure power at Schneider Electric, notes that environmental impacts of lithium at certain points in the lifecycle can be higher than some “competitive” alternatives. However, this can often be offset by benefits at other stages of the lifecycle.

“研究发现，在过去10年里，锂电池系统的总拥有成本比阀控铅酸（VRLA）电池的同等系统低10-40%，”他说。

“Studies found that, over 10 years, Lidelivered a total cost of ownership 10-40% lower than equivalent systems using valve-regulated lead-acid [VRLA] technology,” he says.

施耐德认为传统运营方也将选择锂电池供电的UPS作为“现代化和能源管理战略的一部分”，尤其是因为锂电池目前的价格仅为VRLA的1.2到两倍。

Schneider sees legacy operators also selecting Libattery-powered UPS as “part of modernisation and energy management strategies”, especially since Libatteries are now only 1.2 to two times as expensive as VRLAs.

Garner说：“它们的寿命是VRLA电池的两到三倍，充电循环速度快两到三倍，占地面积小，重量轻。一些三相锂离子电池模块还带有可选的智能储能功能”。

“They also offer two to three times the lifecycle of VRLA batteries, have two to three times faster charging recycles, a smaller footprint and are lighter weight. Some three-phase Limodels offer intelligent energy storage options,” says Garner.

施耐德电气与智能技术供应商Wärtsilä合作开发了一种可持续UPS，平均节省了27%的资本支出，减少了20%的排放。他补充说，今后，随着监管合规越来越严，将不断促进UPS技术升级、回收报废电池或换电。

Schneider Electric has partnered with smart tech supplier Wärtsilä on creating a sustainable UPS, demonstrating average capital expenditure savings of 27% and a 20% reduction in emissions. Over time, regulatory compliance is coupling with evolving technology as well as take-back or trade-in options for UPS and end-of-life battery replacement, he adds.

科技人员的观点

What the science says

负责研究与电池技术相关储能材料的兰开斯特大学高级讲师Nuria Tapia Ruiz认为：可持续发展的前景是复杂的。

Nuria Tapia Ruiz, senior lecturer at Lancaster University, researches energy storage materials pertaining to battery technologies. She agrees the picture around sustainability is complex.

“锂是不可持续的，但是锂和镍、钴、锰比例的组合可以提供非常高的能量密度用以储存更多的电能。”

“Liis not so sustainable,” Ruiz confirms. “But lithium and a combination of nickel, cobalt and manganese ratios can provide the highest energy density to store quite a lot of charge.”

锂不仅与空气和水发生反应，而且其开采与多种环境问题有关。从硫酸盐中提取的镍会产生有毒的二氧化硫。

Lithium not only reacts with air and water, but its mining is associated with multiple environmental issues. Nickel extracted from sulphates generates toxic sulphur dioxide.

刚果钴矿使用童工，造成与污染有关的健康问题，包括饮用水污染。与此同时，在电池制造和供应链上实现完全透明的闭环管理并消除不必要的浪费仍然显得非常困难。

Congolese cobalt mines use child labour and cause pollution-related health problems, including through contamination of drinking water. Meanwhile, gaining full transparency on battery manufacturing and supply chains to close the loop and eliminate unnecessary waste remains difficult.

电池中约70%的钴来自刚果民主共和国。“在阳极方面，我们有一些碳，这同样带来了可持续性问题，因为碳是由焦炭制成的，”Ruiz说。

About 70% of the cobalt in batteries comes from the Democratic Republic of Congo. “On the anode side, we have some carbon, which, again, comes with sustainability problems because carbon is made from coke,” says Ruiz.

目前的电池技术似乎是朝着正确方向发展的垫脚石，而不是可持续发展的解决方案。

Current battery technology seems a stepping stone in the right direction rather than a sustainability solution.

如果我们着眼于可持续性，我们将钴和镍这类阴极材料替换为磷、氧、铁和锂”。我们正在研究包括钠离子在内的其他可持续发展技术。

“If we’re looking at sustainability, we’ll move towards changing cathode materials [for] phosphorus, oxygen, iron and lithium – getting rid of the cobalt and nickel,” says Ruiz. “Other sustainable technologies we are looking at include sodium-ion [Na ].”

做为鲁伊斯研究兴领域的钠离子技术，也是电池技术今后强有力的发展方向之一。特别是考虑到第二大电池制造商宁德时代在2021年7月推出了第一代钠电池用以替代锂电池，预计2023年，宁德时代就可以正式生产钠电池并供货。

Natechnology is a research interest of Ruiz’s and a strong next step for battery technologies, especially considering that the second-largest battery maker, CATL, unveiled its first generation of Nabatteries as a Lialternative in July 2021, forecasting supply chain readiness by 2023.

“在20年的时间里，钙或镁电池显示出相当大的前景，”鲁伊斯说。“他们在电池性能表格中，各项指标看起来更有潜力。”

“And in 20 years’ time, calcium or magnesium batteries show quite a lot of promise,” says Ruiz. “They have more potential in the performance matrix.”

与此同时，关于改进锂电池技术和应用的研究仍在继续。

Meanwhile, research continues on improving Litechnologies and applications.

当前UPS可持续发展最佳实践

Best practice UPS sustainability for today

Freeform Dynamics的杰出分析师Tony Lock表示，数据中心运营方应该通过首先关注基础来实现可持续性目标：评估应用程序和服务的业务关键性、应该在哪些平台上运行这些应用和服务、以及服务器和存储的效率，等等。

Tony Lock, distinguished analyst at Freeform Dynamics, says datacentre operators should achieve sustainability goals through first focusing on the basics: assessing business criticality of applications and services, which platforms they should run on, the efficiency of the servers and storage, and so on.

Lock说：“在你的数据中心需要持续可靠运行的包含哪些应用程序和服务？尽管几乎所有使用这些服务的人都说它是任务关键型的，但实际上，这类服务的优先级不完全相同，许多人都不需要非常高的可靠性。”

“What are you actually running inside your datacentre that you really need continuous availability for? Not all workloads are created equal. Even though nearly everybody who uses a workload will claim it is mission-critical, many of them aren’t,” says Lock.

有些数据中心可能只需更少的备用电池，当用户访问服务不足时，就可以平稳地停用一些服务，从而降低UPS和电池的容量需求。

Some may need less battery backup, shutting loads down smoothly when not required, limiting the size of UPS and alternative power systems needed in the event of an outage.

Lock说：“有一次，在我们测试备用柴油发电机的电池之前，数据中心意外停电15分钟。我们都去责怪电工，但实际上是消防报警导致了那次停电事故。”

“I have been in the datacentre when all of the power disappeared, actually about 15 minutes before we tested the battery of the backup diesel generator,” says Lock. “We did blame the electricians for that, but it was actually a fire alarm.”

至于替代方案，Lock建议：“使用一些飞轮技术，类似像一个大弹簧原理的大转动惯量储能系统。如果你不需要将后备支撑系统的运行时间设计成几个小时，就非常适合选用这类“涓流充电”的储能系统。

As for alternatives, Lock advises: “Use some of the flywheel technologies, like large springs, that have come along – really good if you don’t need to keep things running for hours. These can be taking a trickle charge.”

他强调，这一切都回归到只有在你真的需要的时候才保持系统连续稳定运行。数据中心也应该通过不同的供电回路，接到不同的电力供应商。

It all comes back to only keeping things running if you really need to, he emphasises. Datacentres, too, should have alternative electricity providers on hand, via perse routing. That way, there are other supplies via different wires that can be accessed.

“尽量减少非环保系统的数量，包括储能UPS系统，”洛克说。“受教育程度更高的人群正在成长，他们将成为致力于让组织尽可能环保的股东——这一社会因素在过去五年中发生了巨大变化。”

“Minimise the amount of less environmentally friendly systems, including UPS systems that store capacity,” says Lock. “A more educated population is growing up and will be shareholders intent on making organisations as green as possible – that social factor has changed dramatically in the past five years.”

Uptime机构首席技术官Chris Brown补充说，旋转（动态）式UPS或大转动惯量飞轮储能系统在需要产生电能而不仅仅只消耗电能的应用场景下，技术优点非常明显，但在其他应用场景下则没有什么优势。

Chris Brown, chief technical officer of Uptime Institute, adds that a rotor UPS or a big flywheel has mass on it and therefore inertia, which will be advantageous in some situations – for example, if producing the power rather than just consuming it – but not others.

Brown说：“在静态UPS方面，你可以使用一个小飞轮来代替原有的蓄电池。问题是，静态UPS上的典型电池支撑时间（大约在5分钟到数小时之间），取决于你想选用的飞轮储能时间（大约18秒），所以你需要一台快速启动的发电机或相关设备，但这种飞轮储能确实不需要任何蓄电池。”

“On the static UPS side, you can use a small flywheel to replace the batteries. The issue with that is your typical battery runtime on a static UPS – somewhere between five minutes and hours, depending on how many batteries you want to put in a flywheel – will give you about 18 seconds,” says Brown. “So you do need a fast start engine generator or something of that nature associated with it, but it does eliminate the need for batteries.”

另一种选择是双转换式UPS，使用整流器将AC转换为DC，然后用于给电池充电，然后通过逆变器将DC转换回AC。当交流电转换为直流电时，UPS将过滤掉交流电中的干扰信号。布朗说，你也可以将UPS运行在静态旁路“eco”模式，直至市电断电之后，UPS才切换回双转换模式。

Another option is double-conversion stack UPS, using a rectifier to convert AC to DC that will then be used to charge batteries and then convert the DC via inverter back to AC to drive the UPS. When some features are converted from AC to DC, you take out all power anomalies. You can also use an “eco” mode which bypasses the UPS until the power disappears, says Brown.

他说，数据中心在可持续发展方面需要的是尽可能高的能源效率和尽可能大的电池存储能量，同时在整个生命周期中对环境的整体影响最低，在整个发展过程中产生最小的不利影响。

What the datacentre needs for sustainability is the best possible energy efficiency and battery storage with the lowest overall environmental impact throughout the lifecycle – “burning the lowest number of dead dinosaurs” in the process, he says.

Brown说，Uptime机构听说一些保险公司因为火灾风险而拒绝使用锂电池。但对于通过使用UPS优化电源管理的问题，目前还没有得出完美的解决方案。

Brown says Uptime has heard that some insurance companies are pushing back on the use of Libecause of the fire risk. But there’s no perfect answer to the question of optimal power management via UPS.

Brown说：“通过优化电池存储空间，选择适合的电池技术以达到延长电池寿命的目的。此外，也需要技术支持。技术人员需要了解和掌握延长电池寿命的技术。这既是一门艺术，也是一门科学。拥有这方面丰富的工作经验是非常难得的，但不是每个数据中心技术人员都掌握这方面的专业知识。”

“You can control the space that the batteries exist in, for optimal conditions that will extend their life – selecting battery technology that’s right for what you’re going to use it for,” says Brown.“The other thing is support. When you’re talking about battery technicians who can extend the life of the battery just by knowing what to do with it – that’s as much as an art as a science. With a lot of experience they’re worth their weight in gold, but not every datacentre has that kind of expertise available.”

深 知 社

翻译：

梁伟

iCloud乌兰察布数据中心站点经理

DKV（DeepKnowledge Volunteer）计划成员

校对：

Plato Deng

深知社数据中心高级研究员 /DKV计划创始成员

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