「节能学院」ANSVC无功补偿装置在河北某购物广场中的应用

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摘要：随着大型购物广场的发展，良好的广告展示、一站式的购物体验以及高标准的硬件设施，成为大型购物广场的标准配置，而构建这些光鲜亮丽的装饰背后，是一个庞大而复杂的供电系统，此系统的电能质量是保障购物广场稳定可靠运行的决定因数，安装ANSVC无功补偿装置是提高电能质量快速合理的方法。

With the development of large shopping malls, good advertising display, one-stop shopping experience and high standards of hardware facilities, has become the standard configuration of large shopping malls, and behind the construction of these bright decorations, is a large and complex power supply system, the power quality of this system is to ensure the stable and reliable operation of shopping malls, the installation of ANSVC reactive power compensation device is a fast and reasonable way to improve power quality.

1、概述

大型购物广场配置的设备，如LED屏、变频空调、荧光灯、UPS电源等负载，这些非线性负载在实际运行中都会产生无功消耗及谐波。LED屏功率因数为1，变频空调功率因数0.8，客梯功率因数0.65。当功率因数小于0.9，电费增收；当功率因数大于0.9，电费减收。购物广场功率因数普通较低，采用集中补偿的方式在变压器进线柜侧安装的ANSVC无功补偿装置可合理地补偿无功，提高电能质量，降低用电成本。

Large shopping mall configuration equipment, such as LED screens, inverter air conditioners, fluorescent lamps, UPS power supplies and other loads, these non-linear loads in actual operation will produce reactive power consumption and harmonics.

The power factor of THE LED screen is 1, the power factor of the inverter air conditioner is 0.8, and the power factor of the passenger elevator is 0.65. When the power factor is less than 0.9, the electricity bill is increased; when the power factor is greater than 0.9, the electricity bill is reduced. The power factor of the shopping mall is generally low, and the ANSVC reactive power compensation device installed on the side of the transformer inlet cabinet by means of centralized compensation can reasonably compensate for reactive power, improve power quality and reduce electricity costs.

2、项目概述

河北某购物广场位于火车站、客运站附近，拥有强大的人流量、物流量、资金量等各种优势，8万平方米大型商业综合体，填补区域市场空白，地理位置优越，交通网络发达。该购物广场内需要对每层空调风机以及照明用电加配无功补偿装置，1号变压器容量为1250KVA主要提供照明用电，功率因数在0.8左右，电流谐波畸变率达15%，导致电流波形畸变，严重偏离正弦波，主要以3次谐波为主；2号变压器容量1600KVA主要提供空调冷冻水泵用电，功率因数在0.75左右，电流谐波畸变率达12%，导致电流波形畸变，严重偏离正弦波，主要以5、7次谐波为主。

A shopping mall in Hebei is located near the railway station and passenger station, with strong traffic, logistics, capital and other advantages, 80,000 square meters of large-scale commercial complex, filling the regional market gap, the geographical position is superior, and the transportation network is developed.

The shopping plaza needs to be equipped with reactive power compensation device for each floor of air conditioning fans and lighting electricity, the capacity of the No. 1 transformer is 1250KVA, the main lighting electricity, the power factor is about 0.8, the current harmonic distortion rate is 15%, resulting in current waveform distortion, serious deviation from the sine wave, mainly based on the 3rd harmonic; the No. 2 transformer capacity 1600KVA mainly provides air conditioning refrigerated water pump electricity, the power factor is about 0.75, the current harmonic distortion rate is 12%, resulting in current waveform distortion, Serious deviation from sine waves, mainly 5th and 7th harmonics.

图1 1#变压器测量图

图2 2#变压器测量图

3、解决方案

根据现场情况，建议增加ANSVC无功补偿装置，功率因数补偿至0.95，减少电费支出。根据变压器的不同选择不同的配置方案，1号变压器3次谐波较大，选用容量为250kvar的14%电容电抗器；而2号变压器由于5、7次谐波较大，选用容量为400kvar的7%电容电抗器。

According to the site situation, it is recommended to increase the ANSVC reactive power compensation device, the power factor compensation to 0.95, reduce the electricity cost. According to the different configuration schemes of the transformer, the No. 1 transformer has a larger third harmonic and selects a 14% capacitor reactor with a capacity of 250kvar, while the No. 2 transformer selects a 7% capacitor reactor with a capacity of 400kvar due to the larger harmonics of the 5th and 7th transformers.

1#变压器：

图3 1#变压器接线图

根据图纸选择合适的配置方案：250kvar=50kvar *425kvar *2，电抗率14%。

Choose the appropriate configuration scheme according to the drawings: 250kvar = 50kvar * 4 25kvar * 2, reactivity rate 14%.

图4 1#变选型图

2#变压器：

图5 2#变压器图纸

根据图纸选择合适的配置方案：200kvar=40kvar *4 20kvar *2，电抗率7%。

According to the drawings, choose the appropriate configuration scheme: 200kvar = 40kvar * 4 20kvar * 2, the reactance rate is 7%.

图6 2#变选型图

4、ANSVC无功补偿装置

4.1 概述

ANSVC无功补偿装置适用于频率50Hz电压0.4KV的系统中，ANSVC低压无功功率补偿装置并联在整个供电系统中，能根据电网中负载功率因数的变化控制电力电容器投切进行补偿。其原理为：ANSVC低压无功功率补偿装置通过CT采集电流、电压信号，由无功补偿控制器计算，计算出投切电容器的方案，通过投切开关控制各组电力电容器投切。

ANSVC reactive power compensation device is suitable for frequency 50Hz voltage 0.4KV system, ANSVC low voltage reactive power compensation device in parallel throughout the power supply system, according to the change of load power factor in the grid can control the power capacitor switching for compensation. The principle is: ANSVC low-voltage reactive power compensation device collects current and voltage signals through CT, calculates the reactive power compensation controller, calculates the solution of the switching capacitor, and controls the switching of each group of power capacitors through the switching switch.

图7 ANSVC无功补偿装置

4.2 ANBSMJ自愈式并联电容器

ANBSMJ系列自愈式低压并联电容器一般应用于低压交流电力系统中，对工频低压电力系统设备的功率因数进行校正，就地或者集中补偿无功，电容器采用自愈式并联电容器，自愈式在击穿后可以进行自我恢复，工作状态下损耗小，并联式电容器即使损坏也不会影响电网的正常使用。电容器从外形上分为圆形（图8）和方形（图9），功能上分为共补电容和分补电容（图10）。

ANBSMJ series self-healing low-voltage parallel capacitors are generally used in low-voltage AC power systems, the power factor of the power frequency low-voltage power system equipment is corrected, in-situ or centralized compensation reactive power, the capacitor adopts self-healing parallel capacitors, self-healing can be self-recovering after breakdown, the loss is small in the working state, and the parallel capacitor will not affect the normal use of the power grid even if it is damaged. Capacitors are pided into round (Figure 8) and square (Figure 9) in appearance, and functionally pided into co-complement capacitance and partial complement capacitance (Figure 10).

图8 圆形电容

图9 方形电容器

图10 共补电容器上图示例

4.3 ANCK串联电抗器

ANCK系列串联电抗器与ANBSMJ系列自愈式低压并联电容器配套使用，主要用于提高0.4KV电力系统的功率因数，减轻电容器由谐波引起的过载，防止谐波过大，对电容器的安全运行，稳定网络电压波形，提高供电质量和电网安全经济运行起良好作用，适用于3、5、7、9次谐波负载的无功补偿。ANCK采用铜或铝绕组，电抗分为共补电抗（图4）和分补电抗（图5），共补电抗器主要用于三相负载，分补电抗器主要用于单相负载，电抗率分为7%或14%。

ANCK series series reactor and ANBSMJ series self-healing low-voltage shunt capacitors are used in conjunction with each other, mainly used to improve the power factor of 0.4KV power system, reduce the overload caused by harmonics of capacitors, prevent harmonics from being too large, play a good role in the safe operation of capacitors, stabilize network voltage waveforms, improve power supply quality and power grid safety and economic operation, and are suitable for reactive power compensation of 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th harmonic loads.

ANCK uses copper or aluminum windings, the reactance is pided into co-complement reactance (Figure4) and sub-complement reactance (Figure 5), co-complement reactor is mainly used for three-phase load, sub-complement reactor is mainly used for single-phase load, and the reactance rate is pided into 7% or 14%.

图11 共补电抗

图12 分布电抗

4.4 AFK投切开关

AFK系列投切开关是低压无功补偿装置中，用于投切电容器的产品。其基本工作原理是在控制器发出投入或切除指令后，投切开关闭合或断开，将无功补偿支路与系统连接或中断，实现过零投切，投切过程无过压、电弧等现象，响应时间快，可频繁投切。投切开关分为复合开关（图6）和晶闸管开关（图7）。

AFK series switching switches are low-voltage reactive power compensation devices used to cut capacitors. Its basic working principle is that after the controller issues an input or excision instruction, the switching is closed or disconnected, the reactive power compensation branch is connected or interrupted with the system, and the zero switching is realized, and there is no overvoltage, arc and other phenomena in the switching process, the response time is fast, and the switching can be frequently switched. Switching switches are pided into composite switches (Fig. 6) and thyristor switches (Fig. 7).

图13 复合开关图

图14 晶闸管开关

4.5 ARC控制器

ARC功率因数补偿控制器采用高性能MCU为核心，配以高精度的电量专用芯片，是以功率因数为取样物理量的补偿器，改控制器能可靠地运行在大谐波、非正弦电流、强干扰等任何恶劣电网环境下。自适应功能保证了电力电容的使用安全，实现了电容补偿柜的自动稳定投切，合理完善电网的功率因数，是低压配电系统补偿无功功率的理想控制器。

ARC power factor compensation controller adopts high-performance MCU as the core, with high-precision power special chip, is a compensator with power factor as the sampling physical quantity, and the controller can reliably run in any harsh power grid environment such as large harmonics, non-sinusoidal currents, and strong interference. The adaptive function ensures the safety of the use of power capacitors, realizes the automatic stable switching of the capacitor compensation cabinet, reasonably improves the power factor of the power grid, and is an ideal controller for low-voltage distribution systems to compensate for reactive power.

产品的主要特点：缺相保护、过温保护、过压欠压保护、电压电流谐波保护、多种编码投切、补偿方式多样化。

The main features of the product: phase loss protection, over-temperature protection, over-voltage under-voltage protection, voltage and current harmonic protection, a variety of code switching, compensation methods are perse.

ARC控制器外形尺寸（mm）：144*144

ARC controller dimensions (mm): 144*144

开孔尺寸（mm）：138*138

Cut-out size (mm): 138*138

图15 控制器外形

图16 控制器尺寸

4.6 技术参数

4.7 接线方式

5、结语

ANSVC无功补偿装置可合理解决该购物广场功率因数偏低的问题，提高电能质量，可以降低电网损耗和用电成本，能保障电力系统的安全用电、连续供电和经济运行。ANSVC无功补偿装置在运行中安全可靠，保护功能齐全，与电能质量云平台配合使用，能够更加方便快捷地检测电网系统，减少人力资源的投入。

The ANSVC reactive power compensation device can reasonably solve the problem of low power factor in the shopping mall, improve power quality, reduce grid loss and electricity cost, and ensure the safe use, continuous power supply and economic operation of the power system. The ANSVC reactive power compensation device is safe and reliable in operation, fully functionally protected, and used in conjunction with the power quality cloud platform, which can more easily and quickly detect the grid system and reduce the investment of human resources.