安科瑞帮助治理整流设备谐波问题的公司「整流电路产生高次谐波」

今天带来安科瑞帮助治理整流设备谐波问题的公司「整流电路产生高次谐波」，关于安科瑞帮助治理整流设备谐波问题的公司「整流电路产生高次谐波」很多人还不知道，现在让我们一起来看看吧！

安科瑞 华楠

01

简述

各种电子设备和电子计算机，都需要由稳定的直流电源供电。通常都是将工业用的交流电经变换来获得所需的直流电。传统的把交流电变换成稳定的直流电的方式主要分为变压、整流、滤波、稳压等四个过程。

All kinds of electronic equipment and computers need to be powered by a stable DC power supply. Usually, the industrial alternating current is converted to obtain the required direct current. The traditional way of converting alternating current into stable direct current is mainly pided into four processes: voltage transformation, rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization.

02

单相整流设备谐波分析

常见的单相整流负载主要有，以电视机为代表的家用电器，特别是变频空调、电磁炉等；节能灯、调光灯等照明设备；大尺寸的LED屏幕（采用很多开关电源并联供电）

Common single-phase rectifier loads mainly include household appliances represented by TV sets, especially variable-frequency air conditioners, induction cookers, etc; Energy saving lamps, dimming lamps and other lighting equipment; Large LED screen (parallel power supply with many switching power supplies)

1、单项可控整流电路原理图。

2、单项可控整流电路输入电压和输出电压波形

3、单项可控整流输入电流波形（发生畸变）

4、输入电流波形FFT分析，主要为150HZ(3次谐波)，3N次谐波。

谐波电流在流过变压器时，会造成变压器的损耗增加，从而导致变压器的温度过高。其中，三次谐波电流造成变压器过热的情况很严重。三次谐波还会引起跳闸、零线过热等诸多问题。

03

6脉整流设备谐波分析

单向整流电路应用在负载功率需求较小的场合，一般不超过1KW。而在机电产品中，有很多设备需要较大功率的直流供电电压，这就要采用三相整流电路。比如工业变频器、电弧焊机、车床、起重机等。其输出功率在几千瓦~几百千瓦，由于功率较大，一般采用三相6脉整流电路来提供大功率直流电压输出。

1、6脉可控整流电路原理图。

2、6脉可控整流电路输入电压和输出电压波形

3、6脉可控整流输入电流波形（发生畸变）

4、输入电流波形FFT分析，主要为250HZ(5次谐波)、350HZ(7次谐波)、6N±1等其它高次谐波。

04

12脉整流设备谐波分析

12 脉波整流器由一个整流变压器和两个三相桥式电路构成,整流变压器为三绕组变压器,两个三相桥式电路对称,并分别与整流变压器的两个低压绕组连接。12 脉波整流器通过两个 6 脉波三相桥式电路的组合,可以实现 12 脉动的效果。

1、12脉整流电路原理图。

2、12脉可控整流电路输入电压和输出电压波形

3、12脉可控整流输入电流波形（发生畸变）

4、输入电流波形FFT分析，主要为550HZ(11次谐波)、650HZ(13次谐波)、12N±1等其它高次谐波。

12脉波整流电路应用于风力发电、自耦变压器、航空飞机电源整流等领域、轨道牵引设备。APF和SVG 对 12 脉波整流器的电能质量治理,主要是对 12 脉波整流器进行无功补偿和谐波治理。其无功补偿比较容易实现,而谐波治理比较复杂。

05

24脉整流设备谐波分析

24脉冲整流机组整流，大大降低了系统中低谐波的含量。它主要由两个部分组成：两个相同容量的12脉波轴向双分裂牵引移相整流变压器和四组整流变压器。滤波设备所需资金投入较少，具有谐波分量低、电压脉波小等优点。整流装置中的两个整流变压器的阀门侧有两组低压绕组，分别用Y型和△型接线，使两组绕组的线压形成30°相角。网络侧绕组采用两种不同的延边三角形接线方法进行移位，左延△接法实现移位 7.5°，右延△接法实现移位-7.5°。四套阀侧绕组的线电压相位角是通过移相处理得到的。它们通过由三相全波整流桥组成的整流器进行整流，并在四组整流器的直流侧并联运行，形成2x12脉波整流系统。

The 24 pulse rectifier unit has greatly reduced the content of low harmonic in the system. It is mainly composed of two 12 pulse axial double split traction phase-shifting rectifier transformers with the same capacity and four groups of rectifier transformers. The filter equipment requires less capital investment and has the advantages of low harmonic component and small voltage pulse wave. There are two groups of low-voltage windings on the valve side of the two rectifier transformers in the rectifier device, which are connected with Y-type and △ type wiring respectively, so that the line voltage of the two groups of windings forms a 30 ° phase angle. The winding on the network side is shifted by two different extended delta connection methods. The left extended delta connection method realizes the shift of7.5 °, and the right extended delta connection method realizes the shift of -7.5 °. The line voltage phase angle of four valve side windings is obtained by phase shifting. They are rectified by rectifiers composed of three-phase full wave rectifier bridges, and operate in parallel on the DC side of four groups of rectifiers to form a 2x12 pulse rectifier system.

24 脉波整流系统低次谐波含量较低，通常使用在高铁、地铁等牵引系统。

结束语

整流装置产生的谐波占所有谐波的近25-33%，对电网危害很大。谐波产生配电电缆线、变压器发热量、通话质量降低、空气开关误操作、发电机气喘等不良后果；谐波按电流相序（3k 1次、k为0、正整数）分成 序（3k 2次、k为0、正整数）。向电网注入大量谐波电流，造成电压波形畸变，降低供电质量，严重危害供电设备和用电设备。

The harmonic generated by rectifier device accounts for nearly 25-33% of all harmonics, which is very harmful to the power grid. Harmonic generation has adverse consequences such as distribution cables, transformer heat, reduced call quality, air switch misoperation, generator wheezing, etc; Harmonics are pided into sequence (3k 2 times, K is 0, positive integer) according to current phase sequence (3k 1 times, K is 0, positive integer). Injecting a large amount of harmonic current into the power grid causes voltage waveform distortion, reduces power supply quality, and seriously endangers power supply equipment and electrical equipment.

APF（有源滤波器） 是用于对谐波进行动态治理的新型电力电子装置。其克服了无源滤波器容易引起振荡、补偿特性单一、易发生过载等不足,对谐波电流的补偿效果不受系统阻抗影响。能够治理大小、频率都变化的谐波,SVG(有源无功补偿装置)可以对变化的无功进行补偿,提高系统整体的功率因数;因此APF和SVG在需动态治理谐波和无功的场合得到广泛应用。

APF (active power filter) is a new power electronic device used for dynamic harmonic control. It overcomes the disadvantages of passive filter, such as easy oscillation, single compensation characteristic, easy overload, etc., and the compensation effect of harmonic current is not affected by system impedance. Svg (active reactive power compensation device) can compensate the varying reactive power and improve the overall power factor of the system; Therefore, APF and SVG are widely used in situations where harmonic and reactive power need to be dynamically controlled.

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SVG(静止无功补偿)治理案例

无功补偿 APF(有源滤波)治理案例